Comprehensive Rehabilitation of a Pombaline Building in Lisbon
Pombaline Architecture and Urban Planning in Lisbon
Pombaline architecture, developed in response to the devastating 1755 Lisbon earthquake, is one of the earliest systematic approaches to seismic-resistant construction in Europe. This style, promoted by the Marquis of Pombal, is defined by its modular timber structure — known as gaiola pombalina — embedded in load-bearing masonry walls. The system was designed to absorb seismic deformations, and was combined with rationalized typologies and strict volumetric control.
Technical Characteristics of Pombaline Architecture
Structurally, Pombaline buildings feature a complex composition. The gaiola, integrated into the interior walls, acts as a flexible framework, while the masonry envelope provides vertical load-bearing capacity. Timber floor structures and pitched roofs complete the system, offering effective drainage and functional attic space.
This construction model requires specialized intervention to ensure the preservation of original systems while adapting to modern standards of habitability, accessibility, and energy efficiency.
Purpose of the Rehabilitation
The comprehensive rehabilitation of this Pombaline building in Lisbon aimed to preserve its heritage character while adapting it to contemporary residential use. Representative interior elements — such as the original staircase — were retained, and the building’s overall volume and historic façades were carefully preserved.
Following the intervention, the building now houses 14 one- and two-bedroom units ranging from 62 to 113 m², classified as Serviced Apartments, designed to optimize space and comfort. The project ensured urban integration, maintaining harmony with the Baixa Pombalina context — a district whose orthogonal layout and systematic architecture remain a reference in urban planning. Each unit was conceived to offer flexibility and comfort, suitable for both short-term stays and seasonal residents.
The project was developed by Stone Capital, with architectural design by Intergaup and structural engineering by LNM. Execution was entrusted to KALAM, a construction company specialized in historic building rehabilitation and architectural heritage restoration, contributing its technical expertise to this complex intervention.
Technical Aspects of the Rehabilitation
Work began with site preparation, controlled demolition, and exploratory surveys, followed by a consolidation phase using methods compatible with the original structural systems.
The reinforcement of masonry walls combined traditional techniques with the introduction of new materials to enhance the structural solution. Lime and mixed mortars were applied, offering mechanical compatibility and adequate permeability for durability, reinforced with galvanized steel mesh to absorb new structural demands while maintaining compatibility with the original materials.
Mixed floor systems were executed with main steel beams, timber joists, and dry panel infills. This configuration preserved the lightness of the original system while adding the necessary resistance for seismic and load requirements.
The technical proposal complies with current regulations on structural safety, seismic resistance, accessibility, and energy efficiency. Priority was given to traditional, locally produced materials to ensure compatibility with the existing structure and to preserve the building’s identity.
Inside, spatial and material values were preserved, using natural finishes such as wooden floors, baseboards, and joinery. These were combined with a contemporary design that conveys serenity, simplicity, and comfort.
A Comprehensive Rehabilitation in Lisbon with Heritage and Technical Value
This comprehensive rehabilitation of a Pombaline building in Lisbon reflects a high-quality, specialized intervention that balances heritage conservation with technical adaptation to modern standards. The project enhances the value of Lisbon’s historic center through a meticulous approach focused on durability, safety, and sustainability.
KALAM’s extensive experience in the rehabilitation of historic buildings enabled the implementation of effective and respectful technical solutions, demonstrating that traditional architecture can be preserved and reactivated for contemporary uses. This project stands as a clear example of how well-planned rehabilitation can contribute to urban revitalization and the active preservation of architectural heritage.
Photographs: KALAM and Stone Capital João Peleteiro
